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Universal Monsters: The Very First Cinematic Universe

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Universal Studios is making yet another go at rebooting their classic monster movies with the in-the-works Dark Universe. This time around, they’re hoping to capitalize on the shared cinematic universe craze that Marvel and Warner Bros. have pioneered to great success. The first movie in this new Universal Monsters series is Tom Cruise’s The Mummy, which opens this weekend.

But wait. This all sounds oddly familiar.

Maybe because Universal already did the same thing over 80 years ago!

Long before the idea of a shared cinematic universe was a gleam in a madman’s eye, Universal unleashed crossover movies featuring some of their most iconic fiends. Frankenstein’s monster, the Wolf Man, and Dracula met in frantic free-for-alls which left audiences breathless. But unlike their new Dark Universe, Universal didn’t originally set out to create an interconnected series of monster mashes.

The first crossover, Frankenstein Meets The Wolf Man, came about when screenwriter Curt Siodmak jokingly pitched the title to producer George Waggner. What began life as a half-hearted joke soon became a loose cinematic universe of 10 movies – we’re only not talking about films like The Invisible Man, Creature from the Black Lagoon and The Mummy here because those characters were never firmly connected to the larger universe… even if they’re technically part of the whole thing.

Before we can get to the main event, we have to first take a look at the solo adventures which introduced Universal’s monsters to the world. These early movies don’t build to a crescendo of continuity porn, but watching them helps to gain a greater sense of character and atmosphere.

To get the full experience of the crossover movies, one should start at the beginning…

Dracula (1931)

The 1931 version of Dracula needs no introduction. The iconic imagery of Bela Lugosi as the sinister bloodsucker is known even to non-horror fans. As an oldie, the movie does show its age, but holds together with a short running time.

Universal Classic Monsters

Frankenstein (1931)

The success of Dracula spurred the creation of what would become yet another face in Universal’s rogue gallery. Like the other solo vehicles, there are no references which link the movies together. Frankenstein is a gruesome creature feature that proved to be an even larger success than Dracula.

And with great success, comes a sequel…

Bride of Frankenstein

Bride of Frankenstein (1935)

The second half of a one-two punch of cinematic bliss, Bride of Frankenstein builds upon the world created by its predecessor. In this one, the triumph of Frankenstein and his monster quickly turns to tragedy.

Since Bride of Frankenstein was a success, the sequels kept coming…

Son of Frankenstein (1939)

Here, Frankenstein’s son attempts to redeem his father’s reputation by resurrecting the monster which brought ruin to their family’s honor – and terror to the local village. Unlike the sequels to Dracula, the Frankenstein series had tight continuity, which helped to create a rich world of woe and wonder.

The Wolf Man (1941)

In this hair-raising howler, Universal introduced a new monster to its pantheon – the tragic Wolf Man. No good deed goes unpunished as Larry Talbot saves a woman from a werewolf only to be bitten himself. Audiences loved the movie, which ensured a sequel – but not right away.

The Ghost of Frankenstein (1942)

Yes, the ghost of Frankenstein makes an appearance in this sequel which also features brain-swapping, panicked villagers, and of course, everybody’s favorite hunchback, Ygor. Another of Frankenstein’s sons continues the family tradition of playing god and things inevitably end in tragedy. When will they ever learn?

Now let’s bring these bad boys together, shall we?

Frankenstein Meets The Wolf Man (1943)

The streams officially started to cross with 1943’s Frankenstein Meets the Wolfman… well, they do meet – eventually. The Wolf Man is resurrected and proceeds on a quest to end his tortuous existence. His quest puts him on the path to Frankenstein’s secrets – and to a confrontation with Frankenstein’s monster! You definitely can’t keep these guys down! The fight ends in a draw, but the world would have to wait a few years for a rematch.

Son of Dracula (1943)

While the Frankenstein and Wolf Man series’ maintained a relatively tight continuity, Son of Dracula posed more questions than answers. Here Dracula poses as Alucard (clever, huh?) in a world where a character is reading the Dracula novel. Is this movie a sequel or its own beast? If it’s a sequel, then how was Dracula resurrected?

Regardless of any confusion, Son of Dracula was just a brief diversion before the double main event…

House of Frankenstein (1944)

This movie isn’t the battle royale that Universal advertised (that would come in House of Dracula), but we are treated to monster mayhem when a mad scientist vows to get revenge against the people who put him in prison. Dracula doesn’t even meet Frankenstein’s monster and the Wolf Man, instead putting in what amounts to an extended cameo.

House of Dracula (1945)

Continuity? What continuity? Even though they met their demises in House of Frankenstein, all three monsters returned none the worse for wear one year later. Dracula and the Wolf Man seek a cure for their respective afflictions in this tale of desire and deception. We never really see a three-way battle between Dracula, Frankenstein’s monster, and the Wolf Man, but having all three in a movie that’s more cohesive than the previous entry is a treat.

The mind marvels at what Universal could have achieved had they set out to make a unified series with an attention to continuity. What they created instead remain triumphs of terror that continue to thrill audiences to this day.

Here’s hoping the Dark Universe is as much of a success.

Editorials

‘Immaculate’ – A Companion Watch Guide to the Religious Horror Movie and Its Cinematic Influences

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The Devils - Immaculate companion guide
Pictured: 'The Devils' 1971

The religious horror movie Immaculate, starring Sydney Sweeney and directed by Michael Mohan, wears its horror influences on its sleeves. NEON’s new horror movie is now available on Digital and PVOD, making it easier to catch up with the buzzy title. If you’ve already seen Immaculate, this companion watch guide highlights horror movies to pair with it.

Sweeney stars in Immaculate as Cecilia, a woman of devout faith who is offered a fulfilling new role at an illustrious Italian convent. Cecilia’s warm welcome to the picture-perfect Italian countryside gets derailed soon enough when she discovers she’s become pregnant and realizes the convent harbors disturbing secrets.

From Will Bates’ gothic score to the filming locations and even shot compositions, Immaculate owes a lot to its cinematic influences. Mohan pulls from more than just religious horror, though. While Immaculate pays tribute to the classics, the horror movie surprises for the way it leans so heavily into Italian horror and New French Extremity. Let’s dig into many of the film’s most prominent horror influences with a companion watch guide.

Warning: Immaculate spoilers ahead.


Rosemary’s Baby

'Rosemary's Baby' - Is Paramount's 'Apartment 7A' a Secret Remake?! [Exclusive]

The mother of all pregnancy horror movies introduces Rosemary Woodhouse (Mia Farrow), an eager-to-please housewife who’s supportive of her husband, Guy, and thrilled he landed them a spot in the coveted Bramford apartment building. Guy proposes a romantic evening, which gives way to a hallucinogenic nightmare scenario that leaves Rosemary confused and pregnant. Rosemary’s suspicions and paranoia mount as she’s gaslit by everyone around her, all attempting to distract her from her deeply abnormal pregnancy. While Cecilia follows a similar emotional journey to Rosemary, from the confusion over her baby’s conception to being gaslit by those who claim to have her best interests in mind, Immaculate inverts the iconic final frame of Rosemary’s Baby to great effect.


The Exorcist

Dick Smith makeup The Exorcist

William Friedkin’s horror classic shook audiences to their core upon release in the ’70s, largely for its shocking imagery. A grim battle over faith is waged between demon Pazuzu and priests Damien Karras (Jason Miller) and Lankester Merrin (Max von Sydow). The battleground happens to be a 12-year-old, Regan MacNeil (Linda Blair), whose possessed form commits blasphemy often, including violently masturbating with a crucifix. Yet Friedkin captures the horrifying events with stunning cinematography; the emotional complexity and shot composition lend elegance to a film that counterbalances the horror. That balance between transgressive imagery and artful form permeates Immaculate as well.


Suspiria

Suspiria

Jessica Harper stars as Suzy Bannion, an American newcomer at a prestigious dance academy in Germany who uncovers a supernatural conspiracy amid a series of grisly murders. It’s a dance academy so disciplined in its art form that its students and faculty live their full time, spending nearly every waking hour there, including built-in meals and scheduled bedtimes. Like Suzy Bannion, Cecilia is a novitiate committed to learning her chosen trade, so much so that she travels to a foreign country to continue her training. Also, like Suzy, Cecilia quickly realizes the pristine façade of her new setting belies sinister secrets that mean her harm. 


What Have You Done to Solange?

What Have You Done to Solange

This 1972 Italian horror film follows a college professor who gets embroiled in a bizarre series of murders when his mistress, a student, witnesses one taking place. The professor starts his own investigation to discover what happened to the young woman, Solange. Sex, murder, and religion course through this Giallo’s veins, which features I Spit on Your Grave’s Camille Keaton as Solange. Immaculate director Michael Mohan revealed to The Wrap that he emulated director Massimo Dallamano’s techniques, particularly in a key scene that sees Cecilia alone in a crowded room of male superiors, all interrogating her on her immaculate status.


The Red Queen Kills Seven Times

The Red Queen Kills Seven Times

In this Giallo, two sisters inherit their family’s castle that’s also cursed. When a dark-haired, red-robed woman begins killing people around them, the sisters begin to wonder if the castle’s mysterious curse has resurfaced. Director Emilio Miraglia infuses his Giallo with vibrant style, with the titular Red Queen instantly eye-catching in design. While the killer’s design and use of red no doubt played an influential role in some of Immaculate’s nightmare imagery, its biggest inspiration in Mohan’s film is its score. Immaculate pays tribute to The Red Queen Kills Seven Times through specific music cues.


The Vanishing

The Vanishing

Rex’s life is irrevocably changed when the love of his life is abducted from a rest stop. Three years later, he begins receiving letters from his girlfriend’s abductor. Director George Sluizer infuses his simple premise with bone-chilling dread and psychological terror as the kidnapper toys with Red. It builds to a harrowing finale you won’t forget; and neither did Mohan, who cited The Vanishing as an influence on Immaculate. Likely for its surprise closing moments, but mostly for the way Sluizer filmed from inside a coffin. 


The Other Hell

The Other Hell

This nunsploitation film begins where Immaculate ends: in the catacombs of a convent that leads to an underground laboratory. The Other Hell sees a priest investigating the seemingly paranormal activity surrounding the convent as possessed nuns get violent toward others. But is this a case of the Devil or simply nuns run amok? Immaculate opts to ground its horrors in reality, where The Other Hell leans into the supernatural, but the surprise lab setting beneath the holy grounds evokes the same sense of blasphemous shock. 


Inside

Inside 2007

During Immaculate‘s freakout climax, Cecilia sets the underground lab on fire with Father Sal Tedeschi (Álvaro Morte) locked inside. He manages to escape, though badly burned, and chases Cecilia through the catacombs. When Father Tedeschi catches Cecilia, he attempts to cut her baby out of her womb, and the stark imagery instantly calls Alexandre Bustillo and Julien Maury’s seminal French horror movie to mind. Like Tedeschi, Inside’s La Femme (Béatrice Dalle) will stop at nothing to get the baby, badly burned and all. 


Burial Ground

Burial Ground creepy kid

At first glance, this Italian zombie movie bears little resemblance to Immaculate. The plot sees an eclectic group forced to band together against a wave of undead, offering no shortage of zombie gore and wild character quirks. What connects them is the setting; both employed the Villa Parisi as a filming location. The Villa Parisi happens to be a prominent filming spot for Italian horror; also pair the new horror movie with Mario Bava’s A Bay of Blood or Blood for Dracula for additional boundary-pushing horror titles shot at the Villa Parisi.


The Devils

The Devils 1971 religious horror

The Devils was always intended to be incendiary. Horror, at its most depraved and sadistic, tends to make casual viewers uncomfortable. Ken Russell’s 1971 epic takes it to a whole new squeamish level with its nightmarish visuals steeped in some historical accuracy. There are the horror classics, like The Exorcist, and there are definitive transgressive horror cult classics. The Devils falls squarely in the latter, and Russell’s fearlessness in exploring taboos and wielding unholy imagery inspired Mohan’s approach to the escalating horror in Immaculate

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