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Terror, Horror, and the Philosophy Behind ‘The Witch’

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*Warning: Spoilers are coming*

The Witch has officially been out over a week now for wide audiences and to some surprise, it hasn’t been received quite as well by horror fans as critics expected. But why? Well, the resounding answer seems to be that it wasn’t “scary” or worse that it was “boring”. But I don’t buy it. I saw it, loved it, and when I was walking to my car I had a twinge of uncertainty as to what might be lurking around the corner. The Witch is a film that commands repeat viewings to really dissect it and I plan on doing just that to catch little things I may have missed.

But why did critics like myself, other writers here at BD, and audiences at Sundance find it to be fantastic but not the wide audience? I have several theories but one that strikes me as the most interesting is the idea of terror vs. horror. It was born of gothic literature and is thus a literary concept but it has been translated to the screen without much explanation. At basic definition horror is the feeling of revulsion after something frightening has happened and terror is the building dread the precedes the frightening scene.

The idea of Terror vs Horror was first proposed by Gothic writer Anne Radcliffe who concluded the indeterminate context of events that could be potentially harmful terrorizes the reader, or in this case, the viewer, and the payout of horror comes after. This is expertly shown in several scenes in Egger’s film but the one that stands out to me the most involves Kathrine. Shortly after her eldest son, Caleb dies she sees him and his already deceased baby brother Samuel in her room. We know this is the devil’s doing right off the bat but Kathrine is overwrought with despair and is quick to believe they truly are there. As I sat in my seat watching this hellish scene unfold I was bracing myself for whatever came and hoped Eggers wouldn’t cut away at the last moment. And he didn’t. Instead, we got the horror of a grieving mother thinking she is nursing her dead baby but in reality, her nipple is being torn off by a crow.

The difference between Terror and Horror is the difference between awful apprehension and sickening realization: between the smell of death and stumbling against a corpse. -Devendra Varma The Gothic Flame 

“But this is a movie, not gothic literature!” While that technically is correct it is also a very one-dimensional look at the genre. In a recent interview with Rue Morgue, Eggers reveals he is a total nerd for Colonial literature and has studied all of the journals and books available on the subject of witchcraft so it is entirely fair to say The Witch is a visual form of this literature like, say, Arthur Miller’s “The Crucible” but with more emphasis on terror by making the witches real. From almost the very beginning we know witches are real and we aren’t going to be taken for a ride on the will they won’t they train. Knowing this, coupled with the almost Shining like score and the stifling use of religion makes the audience dread what’s coming to Thomasin and her family. All the praying in the world can’t help this family which inevitably turns them against each other. And the fact that this is really how people lived and thought not so long ago is terrifying in and of itself.

Caleb

Watching children suffer in this film is really where the dread builds. Caleb going into the woods to help his family find food only to be seduced and inevitably tormented and killed by the witch taps into the parenting side of the brain. I don’t have kids but watching a 12-ish-year-old boy who is desperately afraid of going to hell be sexually seduced and tortured tapped into my need to protect children from this. Later on, when shit really hits the fan there’s an opposite feeling of confusion and anger when we see the parents really do believe the accusations of witchcraft coming from 6-year-olds. And this stuff really happened! Going back to the term Gothic and the concept of “slow burn” I have only to point at Dracula to make a case for the gothic style of filmmaking. I guarantee no current horror fan is afraid of Dracula, but at the time audiences were terrified and the fact that Dracula has appeared in more movies than any other character, except maybe Sherlock Holmes, shows us that the idea of Dracula holds some kind of power over us.

For a more modern look at slow-burn let’s look at Rosemary’s Baby and even Polanski’s less-celebrated Repulsion. Both of these films are virtually bloodless and for the better half of each film not a whole lot is happening in the way of “horror” but we know something is coming and we feel panic for Mia Farrow and Cathrine Deneuve. Both of these films are centered on women and their struggles in society but with an added layer of terror thrown in. In my mind, if you enjoy Rosemary’s Baby there is no reason not to enjoy The Witch. The only thing that is drastically different is that Rosemary has the benefit of time and the word “classic” attached to it.

“Horror” has become a catch-all word because of the genre we all love so dearly. Because of this and the last decade of torture-porn and remakes of films like Last House on the Left and I Spit on Your Grave audiences have grown accustomed to the “money shot” of horror. The layers of horror films have been so stripped down to almost nothing but the gore shots and jump scares that most mainstream genre films ring hollow. I’m not calling for a change in genre name but simply a change in how we view it as a whole. I love 80s slashers as much as the next fan but for me, those are junk food for my brain. Films like The Witch and The Babadook that take on very real issues like sexual repression, religion, and grief should not be berated by the community for not being “scary” in a generalized way. This thinking is why our beloved genre is never taken seriously.

Jess is a Northeast Ohio native who has loved all things horror and fringe since birth. She has a tendency to run at the mouth about it and decided writing was the only way not to scare everyone away. If you make a hobby into a career it becomes less creepy. Unless that hobby is collecting baby dolls. Nothing makes that less creepy.

Editorials

‘Immaculate’ – A Companion Watch Guide to the Religious Horror Movie and Its Cinematic Influences

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The Devils - Immaculate companion guide
Pictured: 'The Devils' 1971

The religious horror movie Immaculate, starring Sydney Sweeney and directed by Michael Mohan, wears its horror influences on its sleeves. NEON’s new horror movie is now available on Digital and PVOD, making it easier to catch up with the buzzy title. If you’ve already seen Immaculate, this companion watch guide highlights horror movies to pair with it.

Sweeney stars in Immaculate as Cecilia, a woman of devout faith who is offered a fulfilling new role at an illustrious Italian convent. Cecilia’s warm welcome to the picture-perfect Italian countryside gets derailed soon enough when she discovers she’s become pregnant and realizes the convent harbors disturbing secrets.

From Will Bates’ gothic score to the filming locations and even shot compositions, Immaculate owes a lot to its cinematic influences. Mohan pulls from more than just religious horror, though. While Immaculate pays tribute to the classics, the horror movie surprises for the way it leans so heavily into Italian horror and New French Extremity. Let’s dig into many of the film’s most prominent horror influences with a companion watch guide.

Warning: Immaculate spoilers ahead.


Rosemary’s Baby

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The mother of all pregnancy horror movies introduces Rosemary Woodhouse (Mia Farrow), an eager-to-please housewife who’s supportive of her husband, Guy, and thrilled he landed them a spot in the coveted Bramford apartment building. Guy proposes a romantic evening, which gives way to a hallucinogenic nightmare scenario that leaves Rosemary confused and pregnant. Rosemary’s suspicions and paranoia mount as she’s gaslit by everyone around her, all attempting to distract her from her deeply abnormal pregnancy. While Cecilia follows a similar emotional journey to Rosemary, from the confusion over her baby’s conception to being gaslit by those who claim to have her best interests in mind, Immaculate inverts the iconic final frame of Rosemary’s Baby to great effect.


The Exorcist

Dick Smith makeup The Exorcist

William Friedkin’s horror classic shook audiences to their core upon release in the ’70s, largely for its shocking imagery. A grim battle over faith is waged between demon Pazuzu and priests Damien Karras (Jason Miller) and Lankester Merrin (Max von Sydow). The battleground happens to be a 12-year-old, Regan MacNeil (Linda Blair), whose possessed form commits blasphemy often, including violently masturbating with a crucifix. Yet Friedkin captures the horrifying events with stunning cinematography; the emotional complexity and shot composition lend elegance to a film that counterbalances the horror. That balance between transgressive imagery and artful form permeates Immaculate as well.


Suspiria

Suspiria

Jessica Harper stars as Suzy Bannion, an American newcomer at a prestigious dance academy in Germany who uncovers a supernatural conspiracy amid a series of grisly murders. It’s a dance academy so disciplined in its art form that its students and faculty live their full time, spending nearly every waking hour there, including built-in meals and scheduled bedtimes. Like Suzy Bannion, Cecilia is a novitiate committed to learning her chosen trade, so much so that she travels to a foreign country to continue her training. Also, like Suzy, Cecilia quickly realizes the pristine façade of her new setting belies sinister secrets that mean her harm. 


What Have You Done to Solange?

What Have You Done to Solange

This 1972 Italian horror film follows a college professor who gets embroiled in a bizarre series of murders when his mistress, a student, witnesses one taking place. The professor starts his own investigation to discover what happened to the young woman, Solange. Sex, murder, and religion course through this Giallo’s veins, which features I Spit on Your Grave’s Camille Keaton as Solange. Immaculate director Michael Mohan revealed to The Wrap that he emulated director Massimo Dallamano’s techniques, particularly in a key scene that sees Cecilia alone in a crowded room of male superiors, all interrogating her on her immaculate status.


The Red Queen Kills Seven Times

The Red Queen Kills Seven Times

In this Giallo, two sisters inherit their family’s castle that’s also cursed. When a dark-haired, red-robed woman begins killing people around them, the sisters begin to wonder if the castle’s mysterious curse has resurfaced. Director Emilio Miraglia infuses his Giallo with vibrant style, with the titular Red Queen instantly eye-catching in design. While the killer’s design and use of red no doubt played an influential role in some of Immaculate’s nightmare imagery, its biggest inspiration in Mohan’s film is its score. Immaculate pays tribute to The Red Queen Kills Seven Times through specific music cues.


The Vanishing

The Vanishing

Rex’s life is irrevocably changed when the love of his life is abducted from a rest stop. Three years later, he begins receiving letters from his girlfriend’s abductor. Director George Sluizer infuses his simple premise with bone-chilling dread and psychological terror as the kidnapper toys with Red. It builds to a harrowing finale you won’t forget; and neither did Mohan, who cited The Vanishing as an influence on Immaculate. Likely for its surprise closing moments, but mostly for the way Sluizer filmed from inside a coffin. 


The Other Hell

The Other Hell

This nunsploitation film begins where Immaculate ends: in the catacombs of a convent that leads to an underground laboratory. The Other Hell sees a priest investigating the seemingly paranormal activity surrounding the convent as possessed nuns get violent toward others. But is this a case of the Devil or simply nuns run amok? Immaculate opts to ground its horrors in reality, where The Other Hell leans into the supernatural, but the surprise lab setting beneath the holy grounds evokes the same sense of blasphemous shock. 


Inside

Inside 2007

During Immaculate‘s freakout climax, Cecilia sets the underground lab on fire with Father Sal Tedeschi (Álvaro Morte) locked inside. He manages to escape, though badly burned, and chases Cecilia through the catacombs. When Father Tedeschi catches Cecilia, he attempts to cut her baby out of her womb, and the stark imagery instantly calls Alexandre Bustillo and Julien Maury’s seminal French horror movie to mind. Like Tedeschi, Inside’s La Femme (Béatrice Dalle) will stop at nothing to get the baby, badly burned and all. 


Burial Ground

Burial Ground creepy kid

At first glance, this Italian zombie movie bears little resemblance to Immaculate. The plot sees an eclectic group forced to band together against a wave of undead, offering no shortage of zombie gore and wild character quirks. What connects them is the setting; both employed the Villa Parisi as a filming location. The Villa Parisi happens to be a prominent filming spot for Italian horror; also pair the new horror movie with Mario Bava’s A Bay of Blood or Blood for Dracula for additional boundary-pushing horror titles shot at the Villa Parisi.


The Devils

The Devils 1971 religious horror

The Devils was always intended to be incendiary. Horror, at its most depraved and sadistic, tends to make casual viewers uncomfortable. Ken Russell’s 1971 epic takes it to a whole new squeamish level with its nightmarish visuals steeped in some historical accuracy. There are the horror classics, like The Exorcist, and there are definitive transgressive horror cult classics. The Devils falls squarely in the latter, and Russell’s fearlessness in exploring taboos and wielding unholy imagery inspired Mohan’s approach to the escalating horror in Immaculate

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