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[It Came from the ‘80s] Summoning Cenobites and Engineers in ‘Hellraiser’

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With horror industry heavy hitters already in place from the 1970s, the 1980s built upon that with the rise of brilliant minds in makeup and effects artists, as well as advances in technology. Artists like Rick Baker, Rob Bottin, Alec Gillis, Tom Woodruff Jr., Tom Savini, Stan Winston, and countless other artists that delivered groundbreaking, mind-blowing practical effects that ushered in the pre-CGI Golden Age of Cinema. Which meant a glorious glut of creatures in horror. More than just a technical marvel, the creatures on display in ‘80s horror meant tangible texture that still holds up decades laterGrotesque slimy skin to brutal transformation sequences, there wasn’t anything the artists couldn’t create. It Came From the ‘80s is a series that will pay homage to the monstrous, deadly, and often slimy creatures that made the ‘80s such a fantastic decade in horror.

Horror author Clive Barker didn’t initially have any intention to direct films, but the cinematic adaptations of Underworld and Rawhead Rex left him dissatisfied and feeling the need to take control. When trying to determine what it would take for someone to hire a first-time director, his producer Christopher Figg suggested something relegated to a single location with unknown actors and monsters to keep the budget small. Barker thought of his novella The Hellbound Heart, which fit the criteria. Roger Corman’s New World Pictures agreed to fund Hellraiser for just under a million dollars, and thus began the birth of one of horror’s major franchises.

It was Figg who introduced special makeup effects designer Bob Keen to Barker, and the pair hit it off immediately. The two spent weeks exchanging ideas that would still adhere to the small budget. Between Barker and Keen, they eventually settled on the design of the cenobites, with Barker drawing inspiration from punk fashion and the S&M clubs he visited. Their lengthy planning paid off. Butterball, Pinhead (though credited as Lead Cenobite), Chatterer, and the Female only appear on screen for a scant few minutes and still became instantly iconic. It wasn’t just the designs, but the performances that made horror audiences fall hard for the cenobites. Barker insisted on hiring actors when the studio felt stunt performers would have been cheaper. It allowed the cenobites’ personality to shine through when the heavy makeup and prosthetics meant the actors couldn’t even see where they were going.  As cool as Pinhead looks, he wouldn’t be nearly as iconic without Doug Bradley in the role.

Keen’s work on this film extends far beyond the cenobites, though. As menacing as the cenobites are there’s still some semblance of humanity to them, and Kirsty Cotton (Ashley Laurence) is able to bargain with Pinhead when she accidentally summons them. That’s not the case with the Engineer, a monstrous demon that prowls the corridors of Hell. Kirsty Cotton barely survives her first run-in with the Engineer when she solves the Lament Configuration in her hospital room. This scene was a beast to shoot, though, as the hall the effects team had to work with was only 15 feet long. The Engineer took up 7 feet. The monster was built and mounted on a platform with wheels, with a group of guys behind it to push it forward and puppet its movements. It left Lawrence without much space left to run, so she had to run very slowly. They also had to film this several times over to help create the illusion of a much longer hallway.

The crowning achievement of Keen and the special effects team’s work on this film isn’t the extradimensional realm (though they’re great), but the gruesome and gory resurrection of Frank Cotton. When Kirsty’s father Larry (Andrew Robinson) cuts his hand on a nail, the blood seeps into the floors of the attic that begins one slimy, goopy, bloody sequence that brings Frank back from the dead as a living, skinless corpse. Rigged mechanisms were built under the floorboard to have them move while pumps poured goo through the holes. The beating heart was made from a condom, tubing, and glue to make it look like a real human heart.

Barker shot the film in order, and the budget ran out by the finale. The winged creature that takes off with the lament configuration isn’t nearly as grand as it was envisioned. The gory intensity and sexual themes meant issues with censorship, too, causing scenes to be cut. Despite all of this, the story, special effects work, and characters carved out a space in pop culture memory. For his first-time directorial effort, Barker unleashed a unique world that hadn’t been seen before. His vision and Keen’s spectacular designs delivered the beginning of one of horror’s most memorable franchises.

Horror journalist, RT Top Critic, and Critics Choice Association member. Co-Host of the Bloody Disgusting Podcast. Has appeared on PBS series' Monstrum, served on the SXSW Midnighter shorts jury, and moderated horror panels for WonderCon and SeriesFest.

Editorials

11 Years Later: The Horrific Cycles of Violence in ‘Only God Forgives’ Starring Ryan Gosling

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Traditionally, movie theater walkouts are usually associated with the horror genre, with infamous cases ranging from 1973’s The Exorcist (particularly during the crucifix masturbation scene) and even Lars Von Trier’s controversial serial killer memoir, The House That Jack Built.

That being said, there are exceptions to this rule, as some movies manage to terrorize audiences into leaving the theater regardless of genre. One memorable example of this is Nicolas Winding Refn’s 2013 revenge thriller Only God Forgives, a film so brutal and inaccessible that quite a few critics ended up treating it like a snuff film from hell back when it was first released. However, I’ve come to learn that horror fans have a knack for seeing beyond the blood and guts when judging the value of a story, and that’s why I’d like to make a case for Winding’s near-impenetrable experiment as an excellent horror-adjacent experience.

Refn originally came up with the idea for Only God Forgives immediately after completing 2009’s Valhalla Rising and becoming confused by feelings of anger and existential dread during his wife’s second pregnancy. It was during this time that he found himself imagining a literal fistfight with God, with this concept leading him to envision a fairy-tale western set in the far east that would deal with some of the same primal emotions present in his Viking revenge story.

It was actually Ryan Gosling who convinced the director to tackle the more commercially viable Drive first, as he wanted to cement his partnership with the filmmaker in a more traditional movie before tackling a deeply strange project. This would pay off during the production of Only God Forgives, as the filmmaking duo was forced to use their notoriety to scrounge up money at a Thai film festival when local authorities began demanding bribes in order to allow shooting to continue.

In the finished film, Gosling plays Julian, an American ex-pat running a Muay-Thai boxing club alongside his sociopathic brother Billy (Tom Burke). When Billy gets himself killed after sexually assaulting and murdering a teenager, Julian is tasked by his disturbed mother (Kristin Scott Thomas) with tracking down those responsible for the death of her first-born child. What follows is a surreal dive into the seedy underbelly of Bangkok as the cycle of revenge escalates and violence leads to even more violence.


SO WHY IS IT WORTH WATCHING?

There’s no right or wrong way to engage with art, but there are some films that clearly require more effort from the audience side in order to be effective. And while you can’t blame cinemagoers for just wanting to enjoy some passive entertainment, I think it’s always worth trying to meet a work of art on its own terms before judging it.

Despite being a huge fan of Drive, I avoided Only God Forgives for a long time because of its poor critical reception and excessively esoteric presentation. It was only years later that I gave the flick a chance when a friend of mine described the experience as “David Lynch on cocaine.” It was then that I realized that nearly everything critics had complained about in the film are precisely what made it so interesting.

If you can stomach the deliberate pacing, you’ll likely be fascinated by this stylish nightmare about morally questionable people becoming trapped in a needless cycle of violence and retaliation. Not only is the photography impeccable, turning the rain-slicked streets of Bangkok into a neo-noir playground, but the bizarre characters and performances also help to make this an undeniably memorable movie. And while Gosling deserves praise as the unhinged Julian, I’d argue that Vithaya Pansringarm steals the show here as “The Angel of Vengeance,” even if his untranslated dialogue is likely to be unintelligible for most viewers.

However, I think the lack of subtitles ends up enhancing the mood here (even though some editions of the film ended up including them against the director’s wishes), adding to the feeling that Julian is a stranger in a strange land while also allowing viewers to project their own motivations onto some of the “antagonists.”

And while Only God Forgives is frequently accused of burying its narrative underneath a pile of artsy excess, I think the heart of the film is rather straightforward despite its obtuse presentation. I mean, the moral here is basically “revenge isn’t fun,” which I think is made clear by the horrific use of violence (though we’ll discuss that further in the next section).

To be clear, I’m still not sure whether or not I enjoyed this movie, I just know that I’m glad I watched it.


AND WHAT MAKES IT HORROR ADJACENT?

There are two different kinds of gore effects. One of them is meant to entertain viewers with exaggerated wounds and excessive blood as you admire the craftsmanship behind the filmmaking. The other kind is simply a tool meant to simulate what actually happens when you injure a human body. Like I mentioned before, Only God Forgives isn’t trying to be “fun,” so you can guess what kind gore is in this one…

From realistic maimings to brutal fist fights that feel more painful than thrilling, the “action” label on this flick seems downright questionable when the majority of the experience has you wincing at genuinely scary acts of grisly violence. I mean, the story begins with an unmotivated rampage through the streets of late-night Bangkok and ends with the implication of even more pointless violence, so it’s pretty clear that you’re not really meant to root for an “action hero” here.

I can’t even say that the deaths resemble those from slasher flicks because the movie never attempts to sensationalize these horrific acts, with Refn preferring to depict them as straightforward consequences of violent people going through the motions – which is somehow even scarier than if this had just been yet another hyper-violent revenge movie.

Not only that, but the characters’ overall lack of moral principles makes this story even more disturbing, with the main antagonist being the closest thing to a decent person among the main cast despite also being a brutal vigilante.

Only God Forgives doesn’t care if you like it or not (and actually takes measures to make sure that the viewing experience is often unpleasant), but if you’re willing to step up to this cinematic challenge and engage with the narrative and visuals on their own terms, I think you’ll find an unforgettable nightmare waiting for you on the other side.


There’s no understating the importance of a balanced media diet, and since bloody and disgusting entertainment isn’t exclusive to the horror genre, we’ve come up with Horror Adjacent – a recurring column where we recommend non-horror movies that horror fans might enjoy.

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