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From Book to Screen: A Guide to Joe Hill’s “NOS4A2”

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The road to bringing Joe Hill’s sprawling bestselling novel NOS4A2 to life has been as long and winding as Charlie Manx’s travels to and from Christmasland, his distorted hellish world where Christmas is never-ending. The television series adaptation of the more than 700-page novel was first announced in 2015, and is set to premiere on Sunday, June 2, 2019, on AMC.

Hill serves as executive producer on the inaugural 10-episode season, alongside creator/showrunner Jami O’Brien (Fear the Walking Dead) and Tornante Television co-president Lauren Corrao. With just weeks to go before the series premiere, we revisit the novel that started it all to help prepare you for the emotionally devastating journey ahead; the novel that Hill has referred to as his “Master’s Thesis in Horror Writing.”


Who is Joe Hill?

Born Joseph Hillstrom King, author Joe Hill was raised in a literary family full of celebrated authors- his parents are Stephen and Tabitha King. He’d been writing on a steady basis since the age of 12 and knew he wanted to pursue a career in writing, but he didn’t want to be published simply based on his father’s name. He wanted to get published based only on the quality of his work. Thus, his pen name Joe Hill was born. That pen name gave him freedom to dabble in the genre he loved but one so synonymous with his father’s work.

The road to getting published wasn’t easy, but Hill found some success in the world of comic books. Still he was persistent in his goal, and eventually, his short story collection, 20th Century Ghosts, sold and was released in 2005. Then came comic series Locke & Key with illustrator Gabriel Rodriguez, haunted Heart-Shaped Box, and romantic dark fantasy Horns, which received its own film adaptation in 2013. That year also brought the release of his largest novel yet in NOS4A2, an expansive story spanning years with numerous characters and subplots, something he’s said that, in some ways, is his conversation and rewrite of his dad’s epic novel It.


What is NOS4A2?

Set from 1986 to 2012, NOS4A2 weaves two core stories; the immortal Charlie Manx who feeds off the souls of kidnapped children to retain his youth via his 1938 Rolls-Royce Wraith (the license plate, of course, is NOS4A2), and the reluctant heroine Vic McQueen, an artist with the unique power to locate missing things by riding her bike through the Shorter Way Bridge. It’s because of Vic’s gift that she discovers Manx’s penchant for kidnapping kids as well as his lair as a teen, and barely escapes with her life when she confronts him; though not before setting his house on fire. He’s captured by the police, and Vic attempts to get her life back on track.

Years later as an adult, Vic is a successful children’s book series creator and mother to son Bruce Wayne Carmody. Yet, she still receives ominous phone calls from the creepy children of Christmasland, causing those around her to question her sanity- including her son’s father Lou. When her son is kidnapped, it’s Vic who becomes the main suspect. Yet only she can save her son from the evil clutches of Manx, and stop the immortal once and for all.

Heartbreak, familial strife, gripping action, and a surprisingly touching story drenched in terrifying nightmares makes NOS4A2 a modern horror classic.


Inscapes: The Shorter Way Bridge and Christmasland

Christmasland, Manx’s special, hellish vision of a Christmas world to keep and feed from his kidnapped children exists in a place only accessible to people with unique abilities like him. Just as Vic’s Shorter Way Bridge only exists for those with unique abilities- the actual bridge it’s modeled after collapsed long ago. These places are referred to as “inscapes” or inner worlds created by the minds of gifted people, and the world of NOS4A2 is filled with them.

Because these inscapes are creations of the mind, the toll it takes on persons able to navigate these inscapes can be physically catastrophic. Every time Vic uses the Shorter Way Bridge, it causes devastating migraines -beginning with stabbing pain behind her left eye- and leaves her extremely sick for days. For Vic’s ally Maggie Leigh, a quirky librarian with an inscape inside her scrabble bag, which provides answers to any question asked via scrabble tiles, her ability comes with the price of slowly losing her speech with every use of her inscape.

Late in the novel, the police come upon a unique map, “United Inscapes of America,” that looks like a skewed view of the U.S. and doesn’t list cities but other locations of inscapes. A place north of Boston called Lovecraft Keyhole (Locke & Key), a place called Pennywise Circus near Derry, Maine (It), the Treehouse of the Mind (Horns), and more connect Manx and McQueen’s world with other literary characters from King and Hill’s works. Though this is more for fun than an intent to crossover stories.

The connections to other King works don’t stop at the inscapes either.


The Key Players

Vic McQueen is the reluctant heroine with a personal stake in her ongoing battle with the over-a-century old soul-sucking vampire Charlie Manx, and her fight is compounded by her own troubled relationships. She has a volatile relationship with her mother, Linda McQueen, and blames her for her father Chris McQueen’s abandonment of them. Though harsh truths eventually place a strain on her relationship with her father as well. Her deep-seated family issues translate well into adulthood, placing emotional strains on her relationships with her lover Lou and son Wayne.

Then there’s Maggie Leigh, the aforementioned librarian that Vic meets in her childhood on a trip through the Shorter Way. Maggie remembers the evils of Charlie Manx long after Vic has grown up and blocked it out of her memory.

Charlie Manx also has help in the form of Bing Partridge, Manx’s right-hand man who plays a cruel role in the kidnapping of Manx’s child victims; Bing rapes the mother before brutally murdering her and any other adult. Bing’s sole desire in life is to get to live in Manx’s Christmasland, not quite aware of the truth behind its existence.


The Television Series

The 10-episode inaugural season will only cover a fraction of the novel; the rest will be covered in future seasons (assuming viewership allows for more, so be sure to tune in!). Based on casting news, and the premiere episode we caught at SXSW (Review), we can expect that this season will only cover Vic’s story through her high school years building up to her first major confrontation with Charlie Manx.

The world of NOS4A2 is rich, complex, and real; Vic is a grounded character full of heartbreak and fortitude. Charlie Manx, Christmasland, his sidekick Bing, and what happens to the kidnapped children all make for some truly creepy characters and moments that will bring the horror. Christmas has never looked so ominous before.

If you’re unfamiliar with the work of Joe Hill, this series is about to change that.  Tune in Sunday, June 2, 2019 on AMC for the start of an epic journey.

Horror journalist, RT Top Critic, and Critics Choice Association member. Has appeared on PBS series' Monstrum, served on the SXSW Midnighter shorts jury, and moderated horror panels for WonderCon, SeriesFest, and Popcorn Frights Film Fest.

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Editorials

Larry Cohen’s ‘It’s Alive’ Still Towers Over a 2009 Remake That Maybe Should’ve Stayed Unborn

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When I write about remakes, I often bring up the word “justification.” What’s the impetus for the remake’s existence? Reinventing icons for a new generation, or benefiting from a few decades’ worth of special effects advancements? Often, there’s a reason that you can acknowledge and say, “Alright, I see what you’re going for.” That holds in Josef Rusnak’s It’s Alive, which tries to reinvent Larry Cohen’s mutant baby B-movie of the same name in what I consider the worst possible way.

I didn’t say it had to be a GOOD reason.

I’ll start with Cohen’s own reaction to Rusnak’s 2009 update: “It’s a terrible picture. It’s just beyond awful … I would advise anybody who likes my film to cross the street and avoid seeing the new enchilada.” A blunt take, but I agree. Rusnak justifies his remake by diverting drastically from Cohen’s exploitation-y flick about a newborn monster killinPreview (opens in a new tab)g Los Angeles residents, but it’s such a bafflingly weak reimagining. Cohen remains faithful to tenets of creature features while tugging at our hearts with commentaries about parents caught between morality and adoration, whereas Rusnak asks, “What if we punished a mother for trying to have an abortion?”

As Cohen says, cross the damn street.


The Approach

Netflix It's Alive

It’s Alive (2009) is one of those women-focused horror projects that make you scoff, derogatorily, “This was written and directed by dudes, wasn’t it?” Cohen’s original screenplay isn’t airtight, yet it does well to respect Sharon Farrell‘s “shaken mother of a monster,” Lenore Davis. Paul Sopocy and James Portolese, on the other hand, pen a screenplay that reductively focuses on Lenore protecting her bitey offspring, with a bent-out-of-shape abortion subplot thrown in. That’s not to say Cohen’s Lenore doesn’t display the same protective maternal instincts, but Rusnak plays in a sandbox of lame-duck tropes, dooming Lenore for the supposed sin of a mother’s love.

Teenage party-girl turned actress Bijou Phillips stars as Lenore Harker, a New Mexico college student who quits to live with her architect boyfriend, Frank (James Murray), and raise their incoming baby. She’s ditching pizza nights and girl talk with bestie Marnie (Ty Glaser), moving into the Albuquerque woods, where Frank has a secluded homestead with brother Chris (Raphaël Coleman), who is wheelchair dependent. Lenore goes in for a pregnancy checkup, where she learns her unborn child has doubled in size, requiring a cesarean section birth. So the surgical team opens her up and extracts “Daniel,” only to be murdered by the newborn, found resting on Lenore’s stomach, taking a post-slaughter rest.

The immediate deviation is how Daniel is found nuzzling Lenore in the hospital, and doesn’t look “freakish” at first glance. Daniel comes home with Lenore and Frank, setting up the happy lil’ family dynamic. It’s no longer a conspiratorial hunt-and-hide scenario; the “home sweet hell” take on Cohen’s original. Which, frustratingly, dissolves the core suspense that Cohen achieves. For Daniel to kill, victims have to come knocking on Lenore’s door, which becomes a repetitive cycle of visitors and hidden bodies that remove any excitement and surprises.


Does It Work?

Rusnak earns points for trying something new. Remakes have historically been less willing to put unique spins on existing stories (see: Cabin Fever). But there’s also a question of retaining the essence of the source material. Why remake a movie if you’re going to spin so far from the original that you don’t even need to use the title? It’s the Child’s Play of it all. If you wanted to make a killer AI toy movie, why use the Child’s Play legacy to do so (outside of market familiarity)?

It’s Alive doesn’t fully abandon Cohen’s ideas, but it does feel thinner than expected. There have been plenty of killer baby movies since It’s Alive—Cohen hardly has the concept trademarked. What’s fun about Cohen’s It’s Alive is how Frank chases his mutant kin around Los Angeles, eventually into the sewer system, culminating in the Los Angeles (drained) river. Rusnak directs what’s essentially a one-location thriller that minimizes the scope to meet not only its lower budget, but lesser ambitions. Where Cohen pushes farther, Rusnak pulls back, losing the idiosyncratic quirks of Cohen’s superior It’s Alive.

There’s nothing wrong with a good chamber piece, but the psychological torments Sopocy and Portolese opt for are soft as fresh-out-the-bag marshmallows. So much of the film hinges on Lenore’s cover-up tactics when she realizes her wee one is a maneater, which becomes one-note in the process. Frank wanders around, ignoring red flags, and Chris is removed from the picture for a small bit to keep the massacre going. In both films, Lenore has trouble turning against her child—but Cohen is much more thoughtful about Lenore’s state through it all. Rusnak’s direction is short-sighted, rudimentary, and flat, as it has nothing interesting to say about the fears of parenthood that drive Phillips’ Lenore to nurture the vengeful child she once wanted to terminate.


The Result

In It’s Alive (1974), Cohen makes a point of referencing Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein, as John P. Ryan’s Frank recalls having the epiphany that Dr. Frankenstein is the villain, not his creation. It’s what drives Cohen’s screenplay, as we learn how the doctors tried to kill the original baby, since its deformities made it look like a melon-headed, fang-toothed freakshow. There’s none of that in Rusnak’s remake, which diminishes the creature’s origins and motives to anger. It’s an uninteresting modification because the point of Cohen’s picture is to question what makes a monster, and how its creators process their hand in the chaos. Rusnak’s not interested in such explorations, except when the screenplay shoehorns what foolishly appears as an anti-abortion undertone when we learn about Lenore’s sketchy internet baby-be-gone pills.

Even worse, the technical merits of Rusnak’s It’s Alive are unfortunate. Credit to the original’s cast, because Ryan and Farrell bring dramatic acting chops that accentuate their film’s tragedy; a legitimate heartbreaker. None of Rusnak’s cast are hitting on such a high caliber of talent, especially since there’s nothing meaty about Sopocy and Portolese’s character designs. It’s very Horror 101: ignore the obvious, act gobsmacked when the obvious happens, and bring it home. Phillips has been better in films like Bully and Hostel: Part II (maybe even The Wizard of Gore), while Murray is your average 2000s straight-to-video throwaway boyfriend. The rest of the supporting cast, sadly, barely even register.

There’s a charm to Cohen’s monster SFX, whipped up by Rick Baker—but also an opportunity. Cohen decided to use this three-mirror-blur vision, seeing through the baby’s eyes to show the beast as little as possible. If Rusnak wanted to make a stronger impact, he could have gone all-in on Daniel’s appearance to say, “Hey, at least we developed a rad creature!” But, alas, Rusnak might show even less of Daniel. When he does appear in the basement, or leap out of a trash can in the film’s climactic finale, it’s CG augmentation that distorts a puppet reportedly crafted by SFX superstar Tony Gardner. Cohen accomplishes infinitely more by putting his then-girlfriend Elaine Parkyn in a full-head monster mask, a pair of pointed gloves, and a partial body suit that benefit from optical tricks—because practical always wins.


The Lesson

Unknown Horror Remakes

It’s not hard to wonder why Millennium Films lost faith in Rusnak’s It’s Alive and opted for no theatrical release. In a time when horror remakes were all the rage, Millennium buried It’s Alive so deep that it’s not even watchable or rentable on streaming (ain’t even worth Tubi). No hyperbole, this remake stinks with the stinkiest of ’em. It’s slight on innovation, filled with awful genre generics, and is a slap in the face to what Cohen accomplished. There’s something so fresh about a killer baby flick that focuses on the suit-and-tie-wearing father, who is forced to challenge the stern, macho gender roles of the 70s, and something so disappointing about a 2000s horror movie that falls right back into outdated mindsets.

So what did we learn?

  • Yes, for the hundredth time, some of those 2000s horror remakes are as bad as the haters made them all out to be.
  • Ex-David Lee Roth, Ozzy Osbourne, and Alice Cooper bassist Todd Jensen plays Lenore’s doctor for some reason (which I wouldn’t have known without the internet).
  • You can appreciate a remake for trying something different, but you can also detest a remake for how poorly it does something different.
  • Why does Daniel look like a baby shark (doo-doo-doo-doo-doo-doo)?

Watching both It’s Alive flicks back-to-back gave me whiplash. When John P. Ryan (as Frank) confronts his cowering, terrified child-monster in the bowels of Los Angeles, I nearly shed a tear. That whole scene really, as Ryan realizes he’s become the Dr. Frankenstein of sorts, and his miserable, deformed boy craves his father’s affection in a time of need. Then you have Rusnak’s film, which brutally kills the pro-abortion character, insinuates Lenore is being punished for trying to abort Daniel early in the pregnancy, and deserves to die with her demon spawn engulfed by the worst CG flames this side of Birdemic: Shock and Terror. I just … kudos to Cohen for richly developing a sci-fi curio with a tremendous sense of emotional understanding, and nothing but thumbs down for Rusnak’s remake, which comes off as plenty boneheaded and hella halfhearted in the process.

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