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Celebrating ‘The Frighteners’ at 25 and Peter Jackson’s Magical World of Miniatures

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The Frighteners

Many of the best effects tend to go unheralded. Those effects are so well done that audiences never even realize what they’re seeing is an effect at all; it’s just taken for granted. The Frighteners, first released 25 years ago in theaters on July 19, 1996, marks a transitional film for filmmaker Peter Jackson as well as his fuller submersion into exploring VFX. The Frighteners‘ VFX work often overshadows the practical makeup effects and ghost designs, though even they get an appreciative nod. The Frighteners also continues Jackson’s affinity for miniature work, but it blends so well that most never even realize it’s there.

Even the most precursory glance at Peter Jackson’s filmography indicates a filmmaker who enjoys playing around in special effects more than just about any other facet of filmmaking. From his early splatter phase that meant creating effects-heavy gore comedies from shoestring budgets shot over the weekends to large-scaled studio-driven fantasy epics, his trajectory just about covers it all. Before The Frighteners, Jackson directed the acclaimed Heavenly Creatures, the start of his dabbling with VFX. Armed with a much larger budget, Jackson expanded on the VFX for The Frighteners, using it to create the ghostly effects.

Beneath the computer-generated ectoplasm lay practical makeup effects. Legendary makeup effects artist Rick Baker notably designed and created the makeup for The Judge, the affable yet decaying gunslinger played by John Astin. Outside of Baker, the creature effects are attributed to long-time Jackson collaborator Richard Taylor, who created the gore and creature effects for Dead Alive (Braindead) and the puppets for Meet the Feebles. While Taylor and his team helped bring ghostly sidekicks Stuart (Jim Fyfe) and Cyrus (Chi McBride) to undead life, as well as Jake Busey‘s Grim Reaper-like Johnny Bartlett, Taylor is also credited for handling the miniature effects. Miniature effects that are so perfectly executed that you’d be hard-pressed to notice them at all if you didn’t read the opening credits.

Dead Alive (Braindead)

Miniatures and miniature photography make for a more economical means of capturing landscapes, environments, or events that couldn’t be replicated easily, if at all, in reality. In addition to Meet the Feebles’ puppet work, Taylor crafted the miniature model of the stretch limo, a variation of the Morris Minor also seen in Braindead and Bad Taste. Its most noticeable scene sees Bletch the Walrus ordering his driver to plow through a whale after a series of criminal hijinks at the docks. Jackson helped build the miniature sets in Braindead, an impressively intricate recreation of 1957 Wellington. Both used the more economical miniatures to varying effects. The former gave hand-crafted puppets DIY sets to match, while the latter recreated a bygone era through a cheaper means.

Jackson’s immediate follow-up to his 1996 horror-comedy, the award-winning The Lord of the Rings trilogy, most famously utilized “Bigatures,” or large-scaled miniature sets of Middle Earth’s most fantastical settings. Minas Tirith, Helm’s Deep, or the stairs of Khazad-Dum were just a few of the intricately crafted bigature sets created for the sprawling fantasy trilogy. Jackson’s take on 2005’s King Kong also continued using miniatures both on Skull Island and the SS Venture that ferried the giant ape.

The Lord of the Rings

Like The Lord of the Rings and King KongThe Frightenersuse of miniatures gives the visual effects a sense of realism. Grounding VFX to a practical set helps to trick the eye. In a late scene that sees Frank Bannister (Michael J. Fox) searching for the Grim Reaper killer after being put under a hypothermic-induced sleep, Lucy (Trini Alvarado) gets kidnapped and taken to the cemetery. Jackson employs miniature photography, sweeping over the miniature sets of the town and through the graveyard to mimic the Grim Reaper’s POV as he eagerly hunts Lucy. A rotoscoped R. Lee Ermey is composited onto the miniature set in his confrontation with the VFX rendered Grim Reaper, who then continues his sweeping prowl. It ends in another composite shot, this time of Alvarado in the back of the mini patrol car nestled in the tiny graveyard. 

The visual effects take the focus of these scenes. The viewer’s eye naturally follows the characters’ movements, and so the attention falls on Lucy’s attempts to break out of the patrol car or on the battle between ghosts. The use of miniatures helps make the VFX feel more authentic and textured. It’s so effective that Taylor’s exquisite miniature work often goes undetected. In that way, it’s another example of practical effects used to enhance visual effects, with the latter taking all of the credit.

The Frighteners shrunk in the shadows of box office juggernaut Independence Day in its initial release but -like most horror movies- developed a stalwart following in the decades since. The charming horror-comedy boasts a talented cast, new and fun rules for its world of ghosts, and the transition into digital effects. But for The Frighteners silver anniversary, it’s long past time to pay respects to the practical work that laid the groundwork for the visual effects. Miniatures present one of the more unsung components of Jackson’s early work, at least pre-Lord of the Rings. While technology has increasingly negated the need for miniatures, it’s Jackson’s horror work with miniatures that reminds us why the artform is so remarkable. 

Horror journalist, RT Top Critic, and Critics Choice Association member. Co-Host of the Bloody Disgusting Podcast. Has appeared on PBS series' Monstrum, served on the SXSW Midnighter shorts jury, and moderated horror panels for WonderCon and SeriesFest.

Books

‘See No Evil’ – WWE’s First Horror Movie Was This 2006 Slasher Starring Kane

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see no evil

With there being an overlap between wrestling fans and horror fans, it only made sense for WWE Studios to produce See No Evil. And much like The Rock’s Walking Tall and John Cena’s The Marine, this 2006 slasher was designed to jumpstart a popular wrestler’s crossover career; superstar Glenn “Kane” Jacobs stepped out of the ring and into a run-down hotel packed with easy prey. Director Gregory Dark and writer Dan Madigan delivered what the WWE had hoped to be the beginning of “a villain franchise in the vein of Jason, Freddy and Pinhead.” In hindsight, See No Evil and its unpunctual sequel failed to live up to expectations. Regardless of Jacob Goodnight’s inability to reach the heights of horror’s greatest icons, his films are not without their simple slasher pleasures.

See No Evil (previously titled Goodnight and Eye Scream Man) was a last gasp for a dying trend. After all, the Hollywood resurgence of big-screen slashers was on the decline by the mid-2000s. Even so, that first Jacob Goodnight offering is well aware of its genre surroundings: the squalid setting channels the many torturous playgrounds found in the Saw series and other adjacent splatter pics. Also, Gregory Dark’s first major feature — after mainly delivering erotic thrillers and music videos  — borrows the mustardy, filthy and sweaty appearance of Platinum Dunes’ then-current horror output. So, visually speaking, See No Evil fits in quite well with its contemporaries.

Despite its mere  setup — young offenders are picked off one by one as they clean up an old hotel — See No Evil is more ambitious than anticipated. Jacob Goodnight is, more or less, another unstoppable killing machine whose traumatic childhood drives him to torment and murder, but there is a process to his mayhem. In a sense, a purpose. Every new number in Goodnight’s body count is part of a survival ritual with no end in sight. A prior and poorly mended cranial injury, courtesy of Steven Vidler’s character, also influences the antagonist’s brutal streak. As with a lot of other films where a killer’s crimes are religious in nature, Goodnight is viscerally concerned with the act of sin and its meaning. And that signature of plucking out victims’ eyes is his way of protecting his soul.

see no evil

Image: The cast of See No Evil enters the Blackwell Hotel.

Survival is on the mind of just about every character in See No Evil, even before they are thrown into a life-or-death situation. Goodnight is processing his inhumane upbringing in the only way he can, whereas many of his latest victims have committed various crimes in order to get by in life. The details of these offenses, ranging from petty to severe, can be found in the film’s novelization. This more thorough media tie-in, also penned by Madigan, clarified the rap sheets of Christine (Christina Vidal), Kira (Samantha Noble), Michael (Luke Pegler) and their fellow delinquents. Readers are presented a grim history for most everyone, including Vidler’s character, Officer Frank Williams, who lost both an arm and a partner during his first encounter with the God’s Hand Killer all those years ago. The younger cast is most concerned with their immediate wellbeing, but Williams struggles to make peace with past regrets and mistakes.

While the first See No Evil film makes a beeline for its ending, the literary counterpart takes time to flesh out the main characters and expound on scenes (crucial or otherwise). The task requires nearly a third of the book before the inmates and their supervisors even reach the Blackwell Hotel. Yet once they are inside the death trap, the author continues to profile the fodder. Foremost is Christine and Kira’s lock-up romance born out of loyalty and a mutual desire for security against their enemies behind bars. And unlike in the film, their sapphic relationship is confirmed. Meanwhile, Michael’s misogyny and bigotry are unmistakable in the novelization; his racial tension with the story’s one Black character, Tye (Michael J. Pagan), was omitted from the film along with the repeated sexual exploitation of Kira. These written depictions make their on-screen parallels appear relatively upright. That being said, by making certain characters so prickly and repulsive in the novelization, their rare heroic moments have more of an impact.

Madigan’s book offers greater insight into Goodnight’s disturbed mind and harrowing early years. As a boy, his mother regularly doled out barbaric punishments, including pouring boiling water onto his “dangling bits” if he ever “sinned.” The routine maltreatment in which Goodnight endured makes him somewhat sympathetic in the novelization. Also missing from the film is an entire character: a back-alley doctor named Miles Bennell. It was he who patched up Goodnight after Williams’ desperate but well-aimed bullet made contact in the story’s introduction. Over time, this drunkard’s sloppy surgery led to the purulent, maggot-infested head wound that, undoubtedly, impaired the hulking villain’s cognitive functions and fueled his violent delusions.

See No Evil

Image: Dan Madigan’s novelization for See No Evil.

An additional and underlying evil in the novelization, the Blackwell’s original owner, is revealed through random flashbacks. The author described the hotel’s namesake, Langley Blackwell, as a deviant who took sick pleasure in defiling others (personally or vicariously). His vile deeds left a dark stain on the Blackwell, which makes it a perfect home for someone like Jacob Goodnight. This notion is not so apparent in the film, and the tie-in adaptation says it in a roundabout way, but the building is haunted by its past. While literal ghosts do not roam these corridors, Blackwell’s lingering depravity courses through every square inch of this ill-reputed establishment and influences those who stay too long.

The selling point of See No Evil back then was undeniably Kane. However, fans might have been disappointed to see the wrestler in a lurking and taciturn role. The focus on unpleasant, paper-thin “teenagers” probably did not help opinions, either. Nevertheless, the first film is a watchable and, at times, well-made straggler found in the first slasher revival’s death throes. A modest budget made the decent production values possible, and the director’s history with music videos allowed the film a shred of style. For meatier characterization and a harder demonstration of the story’s dog-eat-dog theme, though, the novelization is worth seeking out.

Jen and Sylvia Soska, collectively The Soska Sisters, were put in charge of 2014’s See No Evil 2. This direct continuation arrived just in time for Halloween, which is fitting considering its obvious inspiration. In place of the nearly deserted hospital in Halloween II is an unlucky morgue receiving all the bodies from the Blackwell massacre. Familiar face Danielle Harris played the ostensible final girl, a coroner whose surprise birthday party is crashed by the  resurrected God’s Hand Killer. In an effort to deliver uncomplicated thrills, the Soskas toned down the previous film’s heavy mythos and religious trauma, as well as threw in characters worth rooting for. This sequel, while more straightforward than innovative, pulls no punches and even goes out on a dark note.

The chances of seeing another See No Evil with Kane attached are low, especially now with Glenn Jacobs focusing on a political career. Yet there is no telling if Jacob Goodnight is actually gone, or if he is just playing dead.

See No Evil

Image: Katharine Isabelle and Lee Majdouba’s characters don’t notice Kane’s Jacob Goodnight character is behind them in See No Evil 2.

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