Editorials
‘Poltergeist’ at 40: How the Classic Film Changed Haunted House Horror Forever
Poltergeist was released forty years ago, on June 4, 1982, and successfully earned a spot in the top ten grossing movies of that year. The horror classic, directed by Tobe Hooper with a story by producer Steven Spielberg, earned Academy Award nominations for Best Original Score, Best Sound Effects Editing, and Best Visual Effects. Poltergeist even tested the MPAA, prompting an appeal that bumped its R-Rating to a PG, paving the way for the addition of the PG-13 to the MPAA’s rating system. These distinctions are demonstrative of a gamechanger, but Poltergeist also narratively changed the face of haunted house horror in many ways.
The Freeling family lives in Cuesta Verde, an idyllic planned community in suburban California. Steven Freeling (Craig T. Nelson) is a successful real estate developer working for the company behind the community. His wife Diane (JoBeth Williams) is a stay-at-home mom to their three children, sixteen-year-old Dana (Dominique Dunne), eight-year-old Robbie (Oliver Robins), and five-year-old Carol Anne (Heather O’Rourke). However, shortly after introductions to this quintessential American family in Poltergeist, strange things begin to happen around their house —furniture moves on its own; Carol Anne converses with TV static; and the gnarled tree in the backyard seems to spring to life mid-storm.
Then the paranormal activity goes into hyperdrive, and Carol Anne goes missing.

It’s not just the variety of scare tactics employed or the showy, breathtaking effects by Industrial Light and Magic that signals a departure from the haunted house blueprint. It’s in the house itself. Up until this point, horror’s unspoken rule for haunted houses is that the haunting is intertwined with the house’s history. Ghosts represent a tragic or grim past; they’re anchored to the spot where they died, usually in a violent fashion. But Cuesta Verde is a brand-new development. The community is comprised of newly built homes that lack any history.
Enter the iconic lines cried out in anguish by Steve to his boss: “You son of a bitch! You moved the cemetery, but you left the bodies, didn’t you? You son of a bitch, you left the bodies, and you only moved the headstones! You only moved the headstones! Why? Why?”
This unsettling epiphany contains layers. The developer’s greed and corner-cutting in costs set the entire community of Cuesta Verde up for failure at best and peril at worst. The rows of pristine suburban homes could get inundated by paranormal problems that could lead to financial ruin. While Carol Anne’s openness and sensitivity to the other side make her vulnerable to the dark entity called the “Beast,” Poltergeist offers up one simple, unspoken reason why the Freeling home seems to be the only one affected so far by their foundation of dead bodies.

Their terror begins when they break ground in their backyard to install a swimming pool. It starts right around when Diane notices the contractors catcalling her teen daughter before school. It comes full circle in the climax when the Beast unleashes a full-scale bid for Carol Anne and traps Diane in a muddied pool of emerging corpses. Rot hides beneath the idyllic suburban life.
Poltergeist isn’t the first haunted house nestled in the suburbs, but it is an innovator in widening the scope of fear. There’s no bargain deal on a sprawling estate here; a haunting could occur anywhere for any reason. Even that brand-new construction nestled in a bustling middle-class neighborhood.
Tobe Hooper and Steven Spielberg captured the anxieties of suburban parenthood, bringing the horror closer to home than ever before. Its ghosts resembled something far more monstrous, and they preyed upon deeply personal fears.
In Cuesta Verde, conventional hauntings aren’t possible. Instead, Poltergeist widens the scope and scale and latches its malevolent spirit onto a young girl unable to escape its grip. A haunted house is only the beginning of Carol Anne’s nightmare. That unique approach was – and still remains – a gamechanger for haunted house horror.
[Related] Mediums, Mothers, and the Miraculous Women of ‘Poltergeist’

Editorials
André Øvredal’s ‘Troll Hunter’ Remains One of the Best Found Footage Movies
In this day and age, the word “troll” is often used to describe various online nuisances. Yet as abundant and irksome as the modern troll can be, they aren’t usually as fearsome as their mythological counterparts. I’m not talking about the small and gentler versions that have become more common to see in media. No, there are much bigger and scarier trolls out there—and André Øvredal’s movie Troll Hunter is one of the best places to find them.
It doesn’t take long for Troll Hunter (or Trolljegeren) to dump the Blair Witch Project-esque setup and aim for something a lot fresher. The trajectory of the story is augmented by Otto Jespersen’s character Hans, the titular Troll Hunter. The second he comes barreling out of the deep, dark woods and shouts “troll” at the camera, this movie takes a turn into what feels like uncharted territory. Not only subject-wise, but also conceptually.
For fantastical and made-up subject matter in cinema, found footage is a fast way to add a guise of believability. After all, what we accept to be the most crucial aspect of documentaries—the truth—rubs off on pseudo-documentaries, despite our understanding of the pretense involved. That is what Øvredal delivered with Troll Hunter: a movie so convincing that some viewers wondered if trolls really do exist. So, had this been straightforwardly made, it likely wouldn’t have been as effective. Conventional narratives would be more inclined to treat something like trolls as flat out unreal, and never try to convince the audience to think otherwise.

Hans petrifies the three-headed Tusseladd troll.
The viewers, like the characters trailing Hans, are quickly thrown into the deeper end of that extraordinary story. They have to process all this new information while staying on the go. So, although there is no significant amount of meandering, narratively or physically, there is still a good amount of atmosphere, not to mention tension building. It’s never anything frightful, but then again, Troll Hunter isn’t your standard offering of horror; it’s more on the low end of the dark fantasy spectrum. We aren’t ever spirited away to a faraway world—we stay in rather familiar surroundings, as well as dip into those less so. The outcome is a movie where you’re constantly more in awe than in terror.
As fantasy fiction might do, Troll Hunter prefers not to deal with incredulity. There is no time to waste on doubt, as interviewer Thomas (Glenn Erland Tosterud), soundperson Johanna (Johanna Mørck), and cameraman Kalle (Tomas Alf Larsen) all follow Hans around, recording whatever this character is willing to reveal about his bizarre job. Of course, the Troll Hunter himself is not an open book; in that respect, the diegetic documentary fails to fully capture and unpack the more interesting of its two subjects. Yes, all those giant, monstrous trolls are indeed incredible, but understandably, your mind wanders to their pursuer. What kind of person signs up for this gig and then chooses to stick with it for so long?
Reviews have called out Troll Hunter for its lack of character development. In regard to Thomas and his fellow documentarians, that criticism is valid, but bear in mind, they aren’t the focus of the story, either. Meanwhile, Hans is a well-crafted character. At least better than first realized. Before he was introduced, Hans had already grown tired of the troll grind. Fed up with that low compensation for his services, resentful of the bureaucracy, and wanting to expose his employer on a large scale, Hans’ discontent is glaring.
Then there are those finer details about the Troll Hunter, such as that indifference to both the natural splendor of his everyday surroundings and the affections of an obviously smitten colleague, that also suggest some level of despondency. So it is fair to say this movie doesn’t feature any sizable growth for its characters; however, the namesake isn’t underwritten. No doubt, putting a real-life character like Otto Jespersen in that role is partly why Hans is so fascinating—maybe even relatable.

Otto Jespersen as Hans the Troll Hunter.
There is always a small risk whenever using the term “mockumentary” to describe a found-footage movie, as the word could imply humor where there is none. In the case of Troll Hunter, the term’s usage is appropriate. Some folks have claimed the English-dubbed version has the more comedic tone, however, the Norwegian cut isn’t exactly humorless. Apart from the trolls’ absurd appearances, this is a movie where the characters nearly choke on the monsters’ farts, and Christians are like walking targets. Hans’ complete apathy towards everything is another cause of laughter. Overall, the comedy is intentionally dry and inconsistent. Unfunny, though? Absolutely not.
In a movie where endemic creatures are maltreated, as well as disavowed from living freely and peacefully, it’s hard not to notice the ecological message buried beneath the story. In addition to that is the unmistakable political satire. There is this whole business about intrusive and unsightly power lines—like trolls, they’re big blemishes on the land—that leads to what is perhaps the movie’s funniest moment. The scene in question is that one where certain electric lines, the ones secretly being used to keep the trolls at bay, go in a loop and don’t actually send power to any residents. Yet the monitors of said lines don’t find this at all weird. So it stands to reason that Øvredal was having a go at those who accept the government’s doings without question.
Looking past the fact that trolls aren’t actually real, this movie is an enlightening source of information. And not just for international audiences; Norwegians, too, get schooled about their homeland’s own mythology. It’s also evident from everything on screen that Øvredal and his crew were enthusiastic about the topic. The creature designs are the most indicative of that zeal; those imaginative yet myth-accurate manifestations are equally amusing and grotesque. One second you’re laughing at their phallic noses, the next you’re white-knuckling during a hairy sequence. Most surprisingly is how well the trolls’ visual effects hold up after fifteen years. It’s not all spotless, but on the whole, they remain impressive.
Vouching for a mockumentary about trolls isn’t easy, but those who do come around and give it a shot will more than likely be grateful for the recommendation. For Troll Hunter is a real find in that vast and varied genre we call “found footage“.

A bridge troll reaches up for food and finds Hans decked out in armor.
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